Globalization and Its Discontent: Exposing the Underside, by Evelyn Hu-Dehart
Hu-Dehart, Evelyn. Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies, Volume 24, Number 2 & 3, 2003, pp. 244-260 (Article)
By Evelyn Hu-Dehart
One recent report counts twenty-seven hundred maquiladoras in Mexico, which now, after the enactment of NAFTA, spread from the northern border zone deep into the Yucatán of southern Mexico, where labor is more stable and 25percent cheaper. In addition to North American corporate owners, other large maquiladora owners came from Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and assorted European countries, such as Germany. 7Always in search of cheaper labor, usually embodied by women and children, similar assembly plants have penetrated Central America and parts of the Caribbean. 8 The "giant sucking sound" that presidential candidate Ross Perot heard was that of jobs flowing southward as the United States eliminated industrial jobs. This deindustrialization process began in the 1970s in the economically powerful global core, and manufacturing jobs flowed eastward across the Pacific and south to Latin America, while the U.S. labor economy experienced the rapid rise in service employment at both the high- and low-skilled ends. In the United States, the nonmanufacturing labor force came to constitute 84.3percent of the total hours worked by 1996, or a growth of almost thirty million jobs since 1979.